A by-election happens when a seat falls vacant between scheduled elections; there's one somewhere in the UK most weeks. Here's every one coming up, and a year's worth of results.
154 of 154 seats declared this year. Net shows seats gained or lost versus what each party was defending.
275 seats decided; 133 changed hands.
WIN means the winner is known but which party was defending the seat isn't recorded yet, so it isn't counted as a gain or a hold.